Beyond Nuremberg: A Critique of Informed Consent in Third World Human Subject Research
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منابع مشابه
Informed consent in a changing environment.
Informed consent has long become the sine qua non of ethical practice in medical research involving human participants (Weindling, 2004). It is a key principle of the Nuremberg Code, perhaps the best known of all codes of ethics, drawn up by judges at the end of the Nuremberg Trials in 1946, and of the subsequent Declaration of Helsinki, drawn up by the World Medical Association in 1964 and reg...
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[1] “Every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his own body . . . .” From Benjamin Cardozo’s early expression of the principle of patient autonomy emerged the doctrine of informed consent, defined by both contract and fiduciary laws and elaborated upon by courts, state and federal legislatures, and professional associations. Later, as the w...
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Informed consent is a mandatory document in human subject research protocols. Its principles have been recently established in the history of Medicine, and the first official document to establish the need for an informed consent from the research subject was the Nuremberg Code (1947). All following documents confirmed that the informed consent is mandatory in human subject research. However, t...
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Although the concern of biomedical researchers for the well-being of human subjects is as old as research itself, the modern era has a well-defined beginning. The horrors conducted by the Nazi doctors under the name of research led directly to the drafting in 1946 of the Nuremberg Code (1949; Annas and Grodin 1992). Only 500 words long, the document holds a hallowed place in western culture. No...
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